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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyc?aface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 passion, wish 2 to demand 3 to threatenface="Times New Roman Star"1 ñòðàñòü, æåëàíèå 2 íàñòîé÷èâî òðåáîâàòü 3 óãðîæàòü









face="Times New Roman Star"xyz?|a 1, xyz?|an- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyc?an- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyc?a 1



face="Times New Roman Star"qyz?an- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qyc?a- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qysa 'commotion, anger' (R 2, 803 - Kir.)







face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 260.
face="Times New Roman Star"*yrgajface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 name of a plant (irga) 2 honeysuckle, woodbind 3 juniperface="Times New Roman Star"1 èðãà 2 æèìîëîñòü 3 ìîææåâåëüíèê





face="Times New Roman Star"irg|aj 1




face="Times New Roman Star"jyjra 3



face="Times New Roman Star"yrg|aj 1

face="Times New Roman Star"yrg|aj 3







face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 166.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyrtyl/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 surface 2 bark, upper layerface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïîâåðõíîñòü 2 êîðà, âåðõíèé ñëîéface="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? 1 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? 1 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kyrtys? (dial.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? 2face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? (Houts.) 2






face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? 1



face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? 2face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys 2face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys 2face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? 2


face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? 2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 267, EDT 649, Ëåêñèêà 391-392, ÝÑÒß 6, 241-242. Cf. also forms reflecting *Kyryl/: Yak. kyrys 'thin layer under skin', Tur. kyrys? 'wrinkled', Az. Gyrys? 'wrinkle' (see ÝÑÒß 6, 242), as well as *Kyrc?a(n|) 'scab' (see ibid., 244-245).
face="Times New Roman Star"*jyl/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 mountain forest, thicket 2 spineface="Times New Roman Star"1 ãîðíûé ëåñ, ÷àùà 2 õðåáåòface="Times New Roman Star"jys? 1 (Orkh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jys? 'high ground' (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"jys? 1





face="Times New Roman Star"c?ys 1
face="Times New Roman Star"d/ys? 1

face="Times New Roman Star"sis 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"his 1, 2

face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ys? 1

face="Times New Roman Star"jys? 1


face="Times New Roman Star"z?ys 1

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 976, VEWT 202, ÝÑÒß 4, 44, Ëåêñèêà 94-95, Stachowski 105.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jAn|akface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"door postface="Times New Roman Star"äâåðíîé êîñÿê
face="Times New Roman Star"(qapug|) jan|aqy (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"jan|aq







face="Times New Roman Star"ja:q



face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:q



face="Times New Roman Star"jan|aq





face="Times New Roman Star"DT 948, ÝÑÒß 4, 123-124. The root is traditionally considered merely a variant of *ja.jn|ak 'cheek, jaw' (v. sub *zi_a:\ni), but it may be possible to separate them etymologically. Tat. > Chuv. janax > Mari, Udm. janak (Ôåäîòîâ 2, 500).
face="Times New Roman Star"*bodunface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"peopleface="Times New Roman Star"íàðîäface="Times New Roman Star"bodun (OUygh., Orkh,)face="Times New Roman Star"bod|un (MK)


























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 306, TMN 2, 812, Ëåêñèêà 316.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bo"n|k-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to kick, buckface="Times New Roman Star"ïèíàòü, áðûêàòüñÿ
face="Times New Roman Star"mo"n|- (MK)



face="Times New Roman Star"mo"n|-, mo"n|ku"-


face="Times New Roman Star"mu"ku"-
face="Times New Roman Star"mo"ku"-

face="Times New Roman Star"mo"x-
face="Times New Roman Star"mo"g-face="Times New Roman Star"mo"n|- (Ðàñ. ÔèË 207)face="Times New Roman Star"mo"n|ku"-face="Times New Roman Star"mo"n|ki-







face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 767, VEWT 342, ÝÑÒß 7.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jyr-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"left, Northface="Times New Roman Star"ëåâûé, Ñåâåðface="Times New Roman Star"jyr-g|aru (Orkh.), ir-, jir- (OUygh.)



























face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 201, EDT 954, 959, 973.
face="Times New Roman Star"*julaface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"light, torchface="Times New Roman Star"ñâåò, ôàêåëface="Times New Roman Star"jula (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jula (MK, KB, IM)







face="Times New Roman Star"c?ula (R)
face="Times New Roman Star"jula (R)



face="Times New Roman Star"c?ula 'lamp '(Tuva, if not < Mo)




face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ula 'äðåíàæíûé ôèòèëü'



face="Times New Roman Star"jula 'gun barrel; wick'face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 210, EDT 919. Turk. > Mong. z?|ula (KW 479, Ùåðáàê 1997, 125), whence Evk. z?|ula (Doerfer MT 125).
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?Abul/(c?)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"military commanderface="Times New Roman Star"âîåííûé êîìàíäèðface="Times New Roman Star"c?abus? (Orkh., Yen.), c?avus? (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"c?avus? (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"c?avus?
face="Times New Roman Star"c?awus? (Sangl.)


face="Times New Roman Star"c?ovus? 'leader of a pilgrimage'















face="Times New Roman Star"c?avus? (K) 'senior worker'

face="Times New Roman Star"c?awus? 'herald'face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 101, EDT 399, TMN 3, 35-38. Criticism of the hypothesis of the word's Iranian origin see in TMN.
face="Times New Roman Star"*o":(j)-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to think, understandface="Times New Roman Star"äóìàòü, ïîíèìàòüface="Times New Roman Star"o"- (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"o"- (MK)












face="Times New Roman Star"u"o"j-












face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 2-3, VEWT 368. Derived is probably *o":-g 'thought', *o":g-re- 'to learn' (see ÝÑÒß 1, 496-498, 501-502, Stachowski 198, 252).
face="Times New Roman Star"*u"du"r-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to choose, to selectface="Times New Roman Star"âûáèðàòüface="Times New Roman Star"u"du"r- (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"u"d|u"r- (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"Osm. u"r-
face="Times New Roman Star"(Xwar.) u"d|u"r- (Qutb), (MKypch.) u"r- (Houts.)




face="Times New Roman Star"u"zu"r-

















face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 368, EDT 67-68.
face="Times New Roman Star"*KUr(g)-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"foodface="Times New Roman Star"ïèùà, åäà













face="Times New Roman Star"xorús/













face="Times New Roman Star"Àøì. XVI, 226-227. Isolated in Chuvash, but having probable external parallels.
face="Times New Roman Star"*o"n|u"c?face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"larynx, windpipeface="Times New Roman Star"ãîðòàíü, äûõàòåëüíîå ãîðëîface="Times New Roman Star"o"n|u"c? (OUygh.)

face="Times New Roman Star"u"n|a"c?face="Times New Roman Star"o"n|u"-lu"k 'íàãðóäíîå óêðàøåíèå' (R)face="Times New Roman Star"o|n|gac?face="Times New Roman Star"o"n|ga"c?


face="Times New Roman Star"o"go"sface="Times New Roman Star"o":s 'ãðóäíàÿ êëåòêà'face="Times New Roman Star"o"c?, diL. o":c? (Leb.)

face="Times New Roman Star"o"n|u"s, u"n|u"s
face="Times New Roman Star"o":s?
face="Times New Roman Star"o"n|o"c?face="Times New Roman Star"o"n|es?
face="Times New Roman Star"u"n|a"s


face="Times New Roman Star"o"n|es?

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 373, EDT 172, ÝÑÒß 1, 536, Ëåêñèêà 233.
face="Times New Roman Star"*o"k-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to fall down, bow downface="Times New Roman Star"ïàäàòü, ñêëîíÿòüñÿ











face="Times New Roman Star"u"ku"s- 'to nod, fall asleep sitting'
face="Times New Roman Star"u"k-face="Times New Roman Star"o"ko"j- 'to bow (forwards)'face="Times New Roman Star"o"ko"j- 'to bow (forwards)'











face="Times New Roman Star"Stachowski 199.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kal-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 old man 2 to be tired 3 to be ? years oldface="Times New Roman Star"1 ñòàðèê 2 óñòàâàòü 3 èìåòü âîçðàñòface="Times New Roman Star"qal- (Orkh., YB) 3face="Times New Roman Star"qal (MK) 1

face="Times New Roman Star"qal- 'to come to an end' (CCum.)






face="Times New Roman Star"qala- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"xoll-en 'slowly'













face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 224. EDT 615-616. Chuv. xullen is derived (by Tekin 1975, 281) from PT *K(i)al/an| (v. sub *ki_ol/a), but it rather belongs here.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Koluface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 period of time 2 originallyface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïåðèîä âðåìåíè 2 ïåðâîíà÷àëüíîface="Times New Roman Star"qolu 1 (OUygh.)

















face="Times New Roman Star"qolu 2








face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 617, Ëåêñèêà 69-70, Clark 1977, 148-149.
face="Times New Roman Star"*opaface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"white powder, white leadface="Times New Roman Star"áåëûé ïîðîøîê, ñâèíöîâûå áåëèëàface="Times New Roman Star"opo (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"opo (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"opa (Ettuhf.)face="Times New Roman Star"upaface="Times New Roman Star"upa



face="Times New Roman Star"obaface="Times New Roman Star"obo





face="Times New Roman Star"upaface="Times New Roman Star"opa




face="Times New Roman Star"opa

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 363, EDT 6, ÝÑÒß 1, 465-466.
face="Times New Roman Star"*saj-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to slander, lie 2 slander, lieface="Times New Roman Star"1 êëåâåòàòü, ëãàòü 2 êëåâåòà, ëîæü




face="Times New Roman Star"sajig| 'delirium'



face="Times New Roman Star"sajg|a- 1, sajg|ax 2
face="Times New Roman Star"sajg|aq 2
face="Times New Roman Star"soj- 1, soj 2










face="Times New Roman Star"saj- 1

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 395, ÝÑÒß 7, Àøì. XI, 160.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sygyt-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to cry, weep 2 weepingface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïëàêàòü, ðûäàòü 2 ïëà÷face="Times New Roman Star"syg|yt (Orkh.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"syg|yt (MK) 2

face="Times New Roman Star"syg|yt 2 (IM)




face="Times New Roman Star"sy:t 2
face="Times New Roman Star"syg|yt 2

face="Times New Roman Star"yta:- 1face="Times New Roman Star"yta:- 1



face="Times New Roman Star"syjt 2


face="Times New Roman Star"syg|yt 2


face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 806, VEWT 415, ÝÑÒß 7, Stachowski 262.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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